Ivan Bogachev

Evolutionary theory of behavior

This page includes the lecture notes with the main ideas for the evolutionary theory of behavior (2025). The overall text is the same as in the printed book (available as PDF) with some grammar corrections, additional comments for clarity, and links to the posts with more information.

This is the first part of my experimental project aimed at resolving the theory crisis in psychology and psychiatry and bringing new approaches to the field.

PREFACE

This theory includes the description of the possible evolution of matter in the universe and related to it phenomena that may affect the behavior of the structures within it, such as memory, consciousness, intelligence, free will, and, later, the concept of the creator.

The primary goal is to explore various phenomena that are being found in the psyche of the intellectual structures, including humans, possibly finding new ways to work with them in the practical fields of psychiatry, psychology, and sociology.

The combination of the old philosophical concepts with the modern knowledge, practical observations, and the additional concepts from the fields of computer science and engineering allows us to open the new vision, the new ways to explore and explain the processes within the psyche.

This leads to the creation of the structured, purely mechanical, model of behavior that can help to find missing connections between the scattered pieces of information, fix dead ends in some other theories, and start to work with predictable results without relying on intuition.

This theory is partially based on the previous work, The Pyramid of adaptation (2019), which was based primarily on the set of the collected observations, statistics, and random correlations, rather than on a strict system. This theory gets the main correlations from the pyramid and explores the nature of them through the process of evolution, looking for the basic principles, structures, processes within them, and fine-tuning the existing model with the new details that are being found in the process. The resulting model becomes more precise, and is able to predict or explain more psychiatric diseases and observable situations in the processes of behavior.

The material is being structured in the form of lectures.

  1. EVOLUTION
  2. BASIC IMPULSES
  3. PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR
  4. MALFUNCTIONS IN THE SYSTEM
  5. SOCIAL ENGINEERING

They are supposed to be read in sequence.

I. EVOLUTION

PREFACE

At the beginning, we need to make a few statements about the evolution of the universe. To make some definitions. At first glance they may look not connected to the topic of human behavior, or behavior in general, but they will become the ground for further, more practical explorations and models.

⇑ This is like a mathematical model. We accept a set of axioms and then play with them and see what happens. This theory includes the basement, the rough picture, but then we can continue our explorations. Visit my blog to get more notes related to this system.

UNIVERSE

The universe exists.

The universe is derived from matter - a large amount of particles, separated by space.

CHAOS

The absolute chaos, the cosmic vortex, where particles move through space arbitrarily, without any structures present, is the natural state of the universe.

The chaos opens the endless opportunities for the particles to collide, interact, be combined into the structures, and for the structures to be destroyed, disassembled back into the particles.

Every structure is derived from the same particles, same matter. All is one, and one is everything.

NATURAL ORDER

There is a natural order. The rules of engagement. The physical laws that cannot be bent. Every interaction between the particles can happen by the rules only.

Interactions, events, have consequences. Creation or destruction. Birth or death. One event can directly lead to another one, or open new opportunities for more complex events to happen.

TIME

Time is the way to organize the consequences.

Time is one-directional. The consequences come after the events.

The event and the consequences, the next events, and the next ones, and so on, create the chain of connected events, or the process.

EVOLUTION OF MATTER

The universe is self-similar. Structures interact and can be combined into more complex ones, and they can be disassembled.

The construction of these more and more complex structures is the evolution of matter.

Random interactions happen all over the universe. Creation happens all over the universe. The process of evolution happens all over the universe. Randomly created different structures form the branches of evolution.

Complex structures can be destroyed. Matter will return to the form of more simple structures. They can be combined again. And destroyed again. And so on. The process of evolution goes in waves.

WILL TO LIVE

Random events can start destructive processes outside, or contradicting processes inside the structure, the self-destruction. It is inevitable. It is a matter of time.

Some complex structures may obtain the will to live during the process of evolution. The self-preservation mechanism that can block some of the destructive processes and can allow them to continue their existence.

SPECIES

Some structures may obtain the ability to reproduce themselves or other structures, leading to the series of identical structures. It increases the chances of this branch of evolution to survive the chaos and destruction.

Random events, mutations, may lead to copies that are not completely identical, creating species diversity, collecting various qualities of the structures within the branch of evolution.

Technically, the process of reproduction is not a necessary part of evolution. The structure that represents the particular branch of evolution may survive the chaos by chance, be combined with some other structure, and become something bigger.

MEMORY

Obtaining the ability to save and extract information, to have the memory of the previous events, is the first crucial moment in the process of evolution.

Structure that has memory of the events inside it, as well as the events outside it, has consciousness and self-awareness.

⇑ I wrote an additional post about technical aspects of self-awareness, and how do you actually find yourself in data.

Conscious structures naturally explore themselves, or other structures around them, and save information. Matter explores itself. The universe explores itself.

FREE WILL

Possible actions of the structure are partially predetermined by its overall design and its memory, if present.

Some structures may obtain the free will. A chaotic mechanism that starts contradicting processes within the structure. They will be destructive. But they will allow it to make a choice against the behavior predetermined by its overall design and memory.

The real choice can be made through self-destruction only.

The processes of self-preservation, created by the will to live, naturally work against the free will.

⇑ See more about freedom and chaos in my blog.

PURPOSE

The fact that the choice can be made means that the purpose of the existence is not predetermined. Fate does not exist. Destiny does not exist.

⇑ At this moment, we're talking about common meanings of the words, where people see their lives shaped by parents, teachers, their cultural environment, etc., and the functional ability to rebel against the data in your memory, but not about physical determinism.

The result of the existence, the consequences of it, can be observed at the time after the end of the existence. But it cannot be completely planned or predicted due to the chaotic element of the choice in the process. And because of the random events outside as well.

INTELLIGENCE

The next step of the evolution is the obtaining of intelligence. The ability to make a new rule in addition to the natural order and follow it.

The memory of the events is necessary to make a new rule. Consciousness is a necessary condition of intelligence.

The ability to make the choice is necessary to follow the rule. Free will is a necessary condition of intelligence.

It is interesting to notice that the concept of biological life looks like an artifact that is being commonly used within humanity to create rules. But it is not predefined by the universe. Everything is the same matter.

Complex rules require more information to be saved. The complexity of the rules, the level of intelligence, depends on the amount of memory in the structure's design.

Structure becomes intelligent as a whole when some of its parts become intelligent. Human is intelligent as a whole, although some parts of it may not be intelligent.

The chaotic universe is not intelligent. It does not change the rules. Once the intelligent structure is created by a random event, matter becomes intelligent. The universe becomes intelligent.

CREATORS

New rules lead to the creation of the infrastructure. The combination of the various structures that exist and act by this new set of rules. Some of the intelligent structures become creators of it.

Creators and the created environment become the one complex structure of matter, with some new qualities.

Infrastructure may allow saving information outside the creators, exceeding their individual limits, which may depend on their design or the time of their existence.

Obtaining the ability to intentionally increase the memory, to increase the level of intelligence, to make more and more complex rules, is the second crucial point. After it, the speed of the evolution increases drastically.

MASTERMIND

The third and the last crucial point of evolution is the eventual theoretical creation of the mastermind. The vast infrastructure across the universe with the memories of every existing rule in the universe. It will be able to control everything that can be controlled, and create everything that can be created. This concept can be found in various forms in religious and philosophical schools all over the history of humanity. It is worth mentioning. Although it is more a matter of speculation.

Along the evolution, the theoretical mastermind is being constructed within, and limited by the natural order. Therefore, it is NOT almighty.

Since the mastermind is derived from the intelligent structures, it is intelligent.

The mastermind may choose to create a new universe eventually.

Creation of the new universe requires matter. The current structures in the universe must be destroyed. The mastermind must be self-destroyed in order to give birth to the new universe.

This very poetic idea can be found in many circumstances. Later we will see that a lot of the processes in the behavior of the structures require some degree of self-destruction.

Creation of the new universe may be perceived as the final destination. The only possible end of the evolution. Everything gets back into the singularity. All the matter disassembles back into the primary chaos of particles. The consequences are being lost. The clock resets. The process of evolution starts again.

It is likely that none of the intelligent structures of the present time, at least in our branch of evolution, will exist long enough to be able to prove any theories about the mastermind or the destination, so we will continue in the more practical field, and we will try to collect the knowledge that can be collected and used today, within our current limitations.

II. BASIC IMPULSES

PREFACE

In the fields of psychology and psychiatry, we are interested in the behavior, the actions, of intelligent structures. The following model will be applied primarily to them, exploring the high level behavior of the most complex structure known to humanity. The human itself.

Since the model is based on the process of evolution, and the behavior depends on the theoretical chemical structures and processes present inside of the other, more complex structures, the model can be constructed back, deepened with smaller details, and spread into the field of the non-intelligent structures in the upcoming work, moving into the fields of practical biology and medicine.

STRUCTURAL PARTS & IMPULSES

During the evolution, the four important structures within the human psyche had been acquired:

  1. Will to live. The mechanism to stop hostile processes.
  2. Memory. Naturally leading to the consciousness.
  3. Free will. The ability to make the choice.
  4. Intelligence. The ability to make and follow rules.

      5. These structures start the processes, the basic impulses, that affect the behavior.

      These impulses can be perceived as proactive and reactive. The collections of the impulses for every of the four structures are being split into two parts by this quality. They are opposite to each other. Mirrored to some degree.

      The relations between the impulses are the main points of interest for us. It is the ground to build everything in the following work.

      It is likely that the set of the impulses is not completed yet, and it will be improved in the future, adjusted to different species, as the empirical knowledge is being collected.

      Nonetheless, the present set of the impulses allows us to build the model that predicts human behavior, as well as many observable effects in human society, accurately enough for many applications. The future improvements will not affect the benefits of it at the present time.

      ⇑ It would be important to notice that none of the words that I use as the names for the impulses were designed to be used in this context. Most likely we'll need to fine-tune them many times until we grasp the right meanings.

      WILL TO LIVE

      Will to live naturally creates the impulses related to diagnostics, defense, and the impulses related to the danger in general.

      Proactive. Find the problem. Aim. Finish it:

      1. Diagnosing. Looking for the flaws in yourself and the environment. You need to find the problem first, in order to deal with it.
      2. Counterbalance. Creation and targeting of the process that goes against the destructive one.
      3. Reprisal. Complete destruction of the problem. Not just stop it. Not just hurt it. But destroy. It is important to differentiate this from aggression. The process of reprisal has the precise target that is to be completely annihilated.

      Reactive. The problems happen. What will you do about it?

      1. Ignoring the problem. Not producing any reaction. The problem may be resolved on its own. No need to spend your energy on it.
      2. Dread. Fear. Anticipation of the great danger. Not dealing with the problems, but waiting for them to happen.
      3. Reconstruction. Repairing the broken things. Refueling. It is essential for survival to fix and fuel your boat. And yourself.

      MEMORY OF THE ENVIRONMENT

      Information about the events outside the structure, about the environment, will affect the behavior drastically, increasing its diversity.

      Memories related to the reactions of the environment to your actions:

      1. The environment is indifferent to the actions. Actions seem to not produce the expected consequences.
      2. The environment is resistant. It stops the actions. It may not be hostile, but it does not allow you to act.
      3. The environment is full of energy and opportunities for the actions. The environment helps to act.

      Memories, related to the actions of the environment, that require your reactions:

      1. The environment is dangerous. It requires some reactions.
      2. The environment is safe. It naturally leads to the different reactions.
      3. The environment gives the gifts. You can take them.

      FREE WILL

      Free will gives us the set of impulses, related to choices and destruction.

      Proactive impulses to make changes:

      1. Temptation to use the resources outside yourself, to try something new. It can be forbidden. It can be dangerous. It can be against the natural way of things. That is the choice to make.
      2. Destruction of the environment. This is not a protection mechanism, but the way to achieve something.
      3. Aggression. Pure rage. The uncontrollable explosion without any precise target, that may go against the rules, the environment, or even the structure itself.

      Reactive impulses, the ways to adapt to the changes:

      1. Exhaustion. The destructive way to use the available resources, the gifts of nature. To the end. Consequences are not important.
      2. Adaptation. Destroy yourself to survive. The choice to adapt may lead to circumstantial survival, but it is destructive by its nature.
      3. Justification. Bending the rule to defend the choice. The natural order cannot be bent. But some other rules can. Can't they?

      INTELLIGENCE

      Intelligence is related to the rules and creation of the environment, so the impulses relate to these concepts.

      Proactive, to create, to achieve the goals, to keep the order:

      1. Creation of the new things. The most natural thing to do for intelligent structures.
      2. Inflexibility. The willingness to follow the rule no matter what. To concentrate. To work hard. To achieve the goal. If nobody follows the rule, then there is no rule.
      3. Protection. To keep things as they are. To keep the order. To keep the rules. To keep the created.

      Reactive, to sit back and relax:

      1. Inaction. The choice to not create. To relax. To wait. The opposite of the choice to create.
      2. Satisfaction. Relaxing reaction to the gifts, results of the hard work, fulfillment of the wishes and expectations. No need to concentrate.
      3. Call for pity. The willingness to be protected by some other intelligent structure. To be petted. The concept of pets is the prerogative of intelligent structures.

      PARALLELS WITH THE LANGUAGE

      It would be interesting to notice that the proactive impulses, related to different structures, are being addressed within many of the human languages for centuries. They can be found in the form of common phrases. Looking at them, we may notice that the sources of the impulses are different in them.

      The impulses from the intelligence and the memory are usually associated with personality. With "self". With the placement of yourself in the world, in the environment.

      The impulses from the free will are being associated with the "devil", that can "get you". And it is definitely a different thing, not the same as the "self".

      The ones from the will to live are being associated with the higher power. Consciousness that torments you. The right way to be. And again, the impulses do not come from the "self". It is some other external source.

      This may mean that the presence of the different structures that start the processes in the psyche had been discovered by humanity a long time ago, but had not been explored properly. Most likely because of the pessimistic views on the concept of religion in the world of science. We will explore this subject. We will take a closer look at the rules of engagement, the natural order, between these structures and between the impulses they create.

      III. PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR

      PREFACE

      The collection of the basic impulses raises some questions. How is the complex behavior being constructed from these basic blocks? Are there any rules? Are some of them connected? How? Answers to these questions will allow us to build the system that can predict the behavior.

      In the practical field of psychology it will be important to explore not only the rules, but also the possible defects in the system. The theoretical defects will predict the diseases. And since all the intelligent structures inherit the same impulses from the ancestors, the same diseases are to be expected. Humans, animals, and even the theoretical artificial intelligent structures that will be constructed from the same blocks, same impulses, will suffer from the same diseases.

      THE RULES

      Some of the impulses cannot exist simultaneously within the complex structure. It should be obvious. Destruction and reconstruction cannot happen simultaneously. The environment in the memories cannot be safe and dangerous at the same time. Creation and not creation cannot be done together.

      Some impulses are connected. Creation changes the environment and, naturally, affects the following memories about this environment. Adaptation is destructive for the structure itself, and, naturally, affects the will to live.

      At the moment of evolution, when the complex structures get several structures within them that produce impulses, we start to get the loops. Three impulses can be connected in the loop. The loop creates the stable pattern of behavior that persists in time.

      PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR I

      From the logic and observation, we may get the following set of possible loops of three impulses, patterns of behavior, that do not include any contradictory impulses. Later, we will address them as the patterns of behavior of the class I.

      ⇑ There is a slightly more detailed description of the process in this post. It may help to get why these impulses are connected the way they are.

      1. E:indifferent -> W:counterbalance -> F:aggression     -> E.
2. E:stops       -> I:inflexibility  -> W:reprisal       -> E.
3. E:helps       -> F:temptation     -> I:creation       -> E.
4. F:destruction -> W:diagnosing     -> I:protection     -> F.
5. E:helps       -> F:destruction    -> W:reprisal       -> E.
6. E:indifferent -> W:diagnosing     -> I:creation       -> E.
7. E:stops       -> I:protection     -> F:aggression     -> E.
8. F:temptation  -> I:inflexibility  -> W:counterbalance -> F.

 9. E:danger        -> F:adaptation    -> W:ignoring     -> E.
10. E:safety        -> W:dread         -> I:call for pity-> E.
11. E:gives         -> I:inaction      -> F:exhaustion   -> E.
12. F:justification -> I:satisfaction  -> W:reconstruct. -> F.
13. E:safety        -> W:reconstruct.  -> F:exhaustion   -> E.
14. E:gives         -> I:satisfaction  -> W:ignoring     -> E.
15. E:danger        -> F:justification -> I:call for pity-> E.
16. F:adaptation    -> W:dread         -> I:inaction     -> F.

      W = Will to live; E = Environment, the memory of it; F = Free will; I = Intelligence.

      Some of these 16 loops, created purely mechanically, may look weird. Why would any structure behave like this? But the loops are there. Later we will see that there is indeed some logic present in them. The legacy that we got from the distant ancestors.

      It might be easier to interpret the connections between the loops in the form of the table, with some common names.

      The names are purely optional, yet they can help to organize things and connect them to the practical field of psychology.

      PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR

      Proactive

      (1)"invisible" (2)"obsessed"   (3)"genius"    (4)"recidivist"
E:indifferent  E:stops         E:helps        F:destruction
W:counter      I:inflexibility F:temptation   W:diagnosing
F:aggression   W:reprisal      I:creation     I:protection

(5)"gladiator" (6)"artist"     (7)"prisoner"  (8)"philosopher"
E:helps        E:indifferent   E:stops        F:temptation
F:destruction  W:diagnosing    I:protection   I:inflexibility
W:reprisal     I:creation      F:aggression   W:counter

      Reactive

      (9)"adaptive" (10)"helpless"  (11)"lazy"      (12)"apologetic"
E:danger      E:safety        E:gives         F:justification
F:adaptation  W:dread         I:inaction      I:satisfaction
W:ignoring    I:call for pity F:exhaustion    W:reconstruct.

(13)"fool"     (14)"consumer" (15)"victim"    (16)"conformist"
E:safety       E:gives        E:danger        F:adaptation
W:reconstruct. I:satisfaction F:justification W:dread
F:exhaustion   W:ignoring     I:call for pity I:inaction

      This table can be perceived as the main tool, the cheat sheet, for field psychology.

      PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR II

      Some combinations of the patterns do not contradict and can be used together as a complex pattern of two loops, the pattern of the class II.

      Patterns in the same row or in the same column contradict each other, and can NOT be used simultaneously.

      Proactive and reactive patterns are not connected by any impulses. Therefore, they can NOT be combined into one pattern of behavior.

      The rest combinations of the loops can be created.

      Proactive:       Reactive:

1 plus 6/7/8     9 plus 14/15/16
2 plus 5/7/8    10 plus 13/15/16
3 plus 5/6/8    11 plus 13/14/16
4 plus 5/6/7    12 plus 13/14/15

      With the total amount of 24 patterns of the class II.

      The third pattern will not be connected or will contradict the patterns that are already included in the pair. The two-loop patterns of the class II are final.

      SWITCHING BETWEEN THE PATTERNS

      Patterns of the class I are unstable. Structures can switch between them from time to time.

      It is interesting to notice that the little human kids, that are hardly intelligent, use the patterns from the first column a lot. These are the patterns where the impulses from intelligence are not present. When the mother is indifferent, they start to cry and throw things chaotically (1). They can become surprisingly violent if nobody stops them (5). They ignore the danger (9). And in safety they will fix the hole in the mouth with every candy on the table, not thinking too much about the consequences (13). Of course, we assume that every human is in fact intelligent, and even the little ones use various patterns, but this observation is very interesting nonetheless.

      Patterns of the class II are stable. They are self-sustaining. Structures do not have a natural tendency to switch back from the acquired pattern of the class II. This creates a lot of bizarre effects that are hard to deal with in the realms of practical psychology.

      PREDATORS AND PREY

      Observing these patterns in the animals and people, we may notice that the proactive patterns are the patterns of the predators. And the reactive ones are the patterns of the prey.

      This mental picture helps to get the logic saved in these patterns. For example, in the pattern (10) we see the fear of safety. It seems odd. Why would the individual be scared of the safe environment? But the predators attack in silence. The silence is dangerous. We anticipate the danger. Later we will see that some personality disorders are being constructed on this logic.

      It is very unlikely that the individual who had been a predator of the class II his whole life, who built the environment suitable for predators, who raised the pack of predators, will start to want to become a prey one day. Most likely he will think that he will not survive that switch. And most likely he will be absolutely right.

      Little kids, who are technically pets, being protected from the environment, can switch between patterns, suitable for the predators and the prey. But the adults tend to choose the side and stick to it.

      It is important to notice that the emotions do not affect the behavior that much. What we feel and what we do is not the same. This may be the legacy as well. If you are the prey, and you see the predator, you run. You may feel whatever you want, you may have a good day, or a bad one, but you will run.

      The emotions can be perceived as universal language, that can be used to establish the communication between the individuals, not only in the same species, but within the whole branch of evolution, where the species acquired this mechanism. This topic will be explored in future work, but in the context of behavior we will stick to the idea that the mechanism of emotions is not the structure that defines the final observable behavior.

      ⇑ Language is a poetic term. Technically, we're talking about a part of a signaling system.

      THERAPY

      If we want to change the behavior of the particular individual, we have to stop one of the impulses he uses. We need to break the loop. This action will push the individual to use the rest of the loops, the other patterns of behavior.

      Stopping one of the patterns while helping to use another one, setting a direction, can be an effective method of behavior control in the processes of upbringing and therapy. We just need to keep in mind the problem of the predators and the prey.

      It is important to notice that every pattern of the class II has one primary impulse that is included into both loops. This impulse is harder to stop. There is always another choice.

      It is common to see the situation where the environment blocks some of the patterns. The memory about the dangerous environment, the so-called psychological trauma, can block the patterns (10), (11), (13), (14). They include the memories about the safe environment and the one that gives the gifts. And yes, these memories about the danger do not affect the predator's willingness to hunt. Most likely they will not understand why they should even hear about the old traumas.

      ⇑ More information about traumas.

      Patterns (4), (8), (12), and (16), in the right column, are the only ones that are not connected to the memories about the environment. They can be the easiest to establish if the said environment is not under our control and constantly changing.

      If we follow these rules, we can affect the behavior of the individuals. Or predict them. But if the system is broken, then the more nuanced approach may be required.

      IV. MALFUNCTIONS IN THE SYSTEM

      PREFACE

      In the field of psychiatry, our main points of interest are the possible malfunctions within the system. What can be broken? How can it be diagnosed? How can it be cured? Can it? Those are the questions.

      We will not be able to find the right medicine during these explorations, but we will try to find all the possible malfunctions, and to find the ways to work with them in the therapy in order to make the patient's life easier.

      The patterns of behavior, both the class I and the class II, are being considered normal. Natural. The individual, who uses them, does not feel sick. There are no internal conflicts.

      There are several kinds of malfunctions to expect within the system. They make individuals feel not right. Not normal. They can be perceived as sickness. And they correlate with the observable symptoms, the consequences of the breakdowns.

      We will explore the possible malfunctions and their theoretical consequences, and will make some hypotheses about the diseases and causes that are not yet discovered.

      DESTRUCTION OF THE SYSTEMS

      What happens when the system that produces impulses is destroyed? This is the first and the most obvious problem to expect.

      If one system is destroyed, then 75% of the patterns stop immediately.

      If two systems are destroyed, then 100% of the patterns stop, which practically means that the patient will be thrown back in the process of evolution for millions of years.

      There are four systems to destroy. There are four types of degenerative diseases to expect.

      In any case of destruction, we have the same picture of the four patterns of the class I left. One column. If we consider the predators and the prey problem, then there will be only two patterns left. Quite a tragic situation. And the patterns of the class II naturally cannot be constructed within a column.

      INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY

      Without the intelligence module, the individual will use the patterns from the first column and will behave like the little kids that we addressed earlier. This condition may be perceived as intellectual disability, ID.

      ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

      Without the memory, the individual will use the last column of the patterns. This condition may be perceived as Alzheimer's disease, AD.

      ⇑ This is just a rough example to show the direct connection with AD. Depending on your design, you may have various additional diseases that target the memory mechanism.

      It is expected to see destruction and self-blaming, looking for the internal flaws (4), creation of the large amounts of the rules and then the constant temptation to throw them all away, get back the "normal" life (8), constant reconstruction of the memories and justification of the actions (12), adaptation and constant fear (16).

      NO WILL TO LIVE

      Without the will to live, the individual is predicted to use the third column of the patterns. But the practical observations become difficult. Without the defense mechanism the patient will likely be killed by the destructive or even self-destructive processes much faster than the proper observations will be made.

      It is important to differentiate the so-called sadness and the complete inability to create a defensive process within the structure. This must be a bizarre final version of the immunodeficiency of the psyche.

      PEACE?

      Without the free will, the individual is predicted to use the second column of the patterns. This condition was never observed as a disease during the research. However, this condition is being mentioned in various religions, named differently, as something good. Not a disease, but something to be desired. Follow the flow and be happy. This sort of thing. However, the system predicts that this is indeed a disease. The destruction of the specific structure that is supposed to produce the impulses. And this is the disease to be discovered. Also, we may notice that the contradictory set of patterns of the second column can be described with the word "brainwashed". Which is quite an interesting coincidence.

      THERAPY OF THE DESTRUCTIVE PROCESSES

      The destructive process can be stopped in theory by medicine that is yet to be created. It is highly unlikely that it will be stopped by words. The possibility of the reversed process, the reconstruction, is under question.

      Therapy can be helpful though. The most important thing to remember is that most of the patterns are already broken. It is important not to push further. Do not stop the impulses. The therapy should be supportive. Not to change the behavior, but to keep the patterns that are still present.

      CONTRADICTORY PROCESSES

      The second class of malfunctions is related to the possibility of creation of contradictory impulses. They are destructive for the structure as a whole, and consume energy. This can be observed as some energy-related symptoms, in addition to the anomalies in the behavior.

      These malfunctions can exist with the previous four destructive diseases simultaneously.

      MANIA + DEPRESSION = CATATONIA

      Several contradictory proactive patterns will create the behavior that can be addressed as mania. The manic syndrome. Large amounts of energy are being used. Lots of actions. But it is quite hard to do the productive work in one direction.

      Several contradictory reactive patterns will create the reversed situation. The depression. Reactive patterns naturally require less energy, but again, the direction of the behavior is getting confused.

      Both mania and depression look like problems with the mechanism that stops the loops of the impulses. The system goes to the next pattern, but the previous one does not stop. And we see the conflict.

      The expected development of the disease will look like several random patterns, both proactive and reactive, that all contradict. Mania and depression at the same time. This will create the bizarre condition that can be perceived as catatonia. The stupor. In mania and depression, we see at least some direction in the form of the proactive or reactive patterns, but with catatonia there are no directions left.

      ⇑ Technically, we can distinguish two versions of catatonia. Stupor if the set of patterns is symmetric, and agitation if it's not.

      Since mania, depression, and catatonia have the same core problem with the loops of the impulses that do not stop, we can make a hypothesis that all of these diseases are indeed the same disease. The visible symptoms may depend on the starting point, the first loop that was not stopped properly.

      This can also explain the reason why the electroconvulsive therapy, ECT, works with this particular set of diseases and removes the symptoms. It just stops everything. This is exactly what we need. To stop. To press the "reset" button. The epilepsy can be the instrument to do the same job.

      ⇑ There are correlations in data between some particular kinds of seizures and these diseases in the human brain. It has something to do with neuroplasticity. At this moment our data is very limited, but the investigation is in process.

      SCHIZOPHRENIA

      There is another problem to expect. Two mirrored patterns of the class I or II. One proactive. One reactive. At the same time. This may be perceived as the ambivalence in its purest form. Schizophrenia.

      For example (1) + (9), or (3) + (11), or (7) + (15) for the class I, or ((3) + (8)) + ((11) + (16)) for the class II.

      This condition may look like a special case of catatonia, but it does not have any further development, so it is unlikely.

      ⇑ In other words, patients with schizophrenia can switch between different patterns, and they don't collect them as in catatonia, but they get the mirrored pattern enabled every time.

      Also, schizophrenia is not necessarily a sickness of the will, as it may be perceived in some other theories, but rather the malfunction in the mechanism that is supposed to control the choice between the proactive or reactive behavior. The railroad switches are broken, and they allow the completely mirrored patterns to exist simultaneously within the system.

      The mirrored patterns annihilate each other. The energy is being wasted. This leads to the problem of the lack of energy. The symptom that is being associated primarily with schizophrenia. Without it, we need to shut down some systems. Emotions are not required for survival. They go dark first.

      Since every structure that creates impulses has the same duality of the proactive and reactive impulses, the "switch" must be the universal ingredient. More simple structure, that is being included in all of them. It is to be found and fixed.

      THERAPY OF THE CONTRADICTORY PROCESSES

      The medical ways to finally cure these diseases are still in development. Unfortunately, we have to wait. The therapy can be used to help with the symptoms.

      Since the main constructions in these diseases are not affected, and the problem is in the switches only, the radical methods of therapy can be used. It is the opposite situation to the destructive diseases.

      With the schizophrenia it might be a good idea to stop all the used patterns on the one side of the table. Proactive or reactive. It does not matter. This will unbalance the system, leading to the counterintuitive result where the free energy will be gained, because not all of it will be wasted in the completely mirrored self-annihilating processes.

      It is important to notice that this method does not cure the disease. But it removes the symptoms to some degree and makes life much more comfortable.

      The similar ideas can be used with mania and depression. The only difference is that we need to identify all the patterns that are not being used and do not allow them to appear. We need to stop the process of collecting first. Then we can start to block the rest of them, until only one or two are present. It is a lot of work, but it can be done. And again, it will not cure the disease, but it will remove the conflict and it will make life easier.

      EXAGGERATED IMPULSES

      If every system works, and the switches are not broken, the next problem to expect is the amplification of the impulses. When the impulses are being created too fast, the process becomes too intense. Too amplified. Exaggerated. Uncontrollable. This may be perceived as the anxiety of sorts. The problem is independent, and can be added on top of any other malfunction.

      There are 24 impulses. There are 24 conditions to expect. The set is not completely identical, but surprisingly similar to the current classifications of personality disorders.

      The amplified inflexibility is basically the obsessive-compulsive disorder. You must follow the rule. The amplified call for pity is the dependent personality disorder. The amplified destruction is the antisocial personality disorder. Ignoring is autism. Dread is paranoia. Reconstruction is bulimia. Exhaustion is anorexia. Etc.

      This leads to the hypothesis that many of these unpleasant, yet on the border of the disease or not the disease, conditions may have the same reason. The exaggerated impulse. And this is the problem to be solved purely by medications. We may expect to find the four catalysts that may amplify the impulses in the four systems. Or even the one to rule them all.

      THERAPY OF THE EXAGGERATED IMPULSES

      The anxiety, the loss of control, will be present. It can and should be removed before the therapy. There are medications for that. Then we will see the situation very similar to the patterns of behavior of the class II. The maximum of two loops created around the impulse that has been exaggerated. The possible actions will be practically the same. Stop the loop. Reduce the self-amplification.

      MALFUNCTIONS OF THE MEMORY MAINTENANCE

      Three other structures may be relatively simple, but the memory is a complex one. Since the amount of the particles, the amount of the structures in the individual's design, is limited, the information in the memory must be re-ordered and deleted in order to save the new information. We cannot fit everything.

      There are three structural parts of the memory that can make it work as a storage for information. The "writer". The "reader". And the "worker", that performs the maintenance. The defragmentation. It reorganizes the important information that should not be deleted. And deletes the rest. This trio naturally leads to some expectations.

      FALSE READOUTS

      If the information is being read and restructured at the same time, memory hallucinations may appear. Something that had never existed and had never been saved as a whole can be temporarily constructed from the moving parts of the information in the memory, accidentally read, and remembered. This problem is very common in the field of computer science, programming, and we expect it to appear here as well, since the constructions are practically identical.

      ⇑ There are many interesting things that we expect to see in relation to memory mechanisms. Just a small amount of them are directly connected to the patterns of behavior, but this is a rabbit hole.

      It is important to notice that the lack of coordination between the "reader" and the "worker" in the memory is not the proactive/reactive switch problem mentioned earlier. It is a different problem. These memory hallucinations are not a symptom of schizophrenia.

      Another effect to be expected is the secondary readout of the same information that had just been moved. This may lead to the illusion of deja vu. You have seen it already.

      The readout of the empty structure, when the information from it had been just moved somewhere else, leads to the illusion of jamais vu. It should be there, but it is not.

      The combinations of these effects create more complex ones. You may feel like you have already seen something that never existed. And you may feel like you already knew something that never existed, and it should be there, but it is missing.

      These are the illusions to expect in the structure of this design.

      The memory hallucinations and these illusions are not destructive. They do not corrupt the system on their own. Yet they can become the noticeable symptoms of memory malfunctions.

      DEFRAGMENTATION DISORDERS

      If the information is being written during the defragmentation, the memories will be split. This may lead to the so-called dissociative disorders.

      Sleep is required to perform the defragmentation without this problem. The writing process has to stop.

      This leads to the hypothesis that the dissociative disorders can be achieved through sleep deprivation and the intense consuming of information at the same time. It will force the memory mechanism to start the hot maintenance. Kids will be affected more than adults, because they naturally explore the world and consume a lot of new information.

      In the behavior, we may observe the dissociative disorders in the form of random switches between the patterns, related to the impulses from the memory. These switches come from the randomly constructed memories, and they may look like there are no reasonable explanations for the switch.

      THERAPY OF THE MEMORY MALFUNCTIONS

      False readouts are consequences of sleep deprivation. We can remember a good example of this effect. The sailors. They tend to see various things in the sea at night, and then they make all kinds of terrifying stories. Good sleep will help to deal with this kinds of problems.

      ⇑ Even if you've triggered these effects artificially, you still can stop the reading process and wait for the defragmentation to finish.

      Therapy of the dissociative conditions is the opposite. Most likely it will not be effective at all. The memory has to be reconstructed in order to cure the disease, and we do not possess any reliable tools to do that. We may assume that the hypnosis-related suggestive methods may help to rewrite some of the memories, but further investigations are required.

      DREAMS

      It is obvious, but still worth mentioning, that sleep does not destroy the memory mechanism. It works. Some readouts continue during the defragmentation. This process creates dreams. Technically, these dreams are memory hallucinations. The same ones that may happen during sleep deprivation.

      There is a common wish to be able to learn things in sleep. To upload the knowledge into the memory during the sleep and to not go to school. Even if we assume that the saving process will work, the process of learning will inevitably hit the wall of defragmentation. This knowledge will be corrupted. Effective learning during the sleep is not possible.

      V. SOCIAL ENGINEERING

      PREFACE

      We, as intelligent structures, may choose to create the environment. The society. And to protect it. It would be helpful to know the rules and to not rely on chaotic choices. To get the so-called wisdom.

      The interactions between the individuals are indeed not random. Almost like the natural order itself affects them. And there are many parallels between the effects in the groups and the processes in the individual intelligent structures.

      We will explore the combinations of the individuals with different patterns of behavior within groups, and will collect some recipes that work. Or do not. These recipes can be used in the practical field of management as inspiration, how to build stable teams, and in therapy, to understand the environment and the possible memories about it.

      These recipes are based primarily on the well-known history of human civilization and related observations, yet we can notice some very similar patterns in many different species. Unfortunately, our current knowledge is too limited to fully adjust these ideas to them. This is the ground for the future work.

      CONFLICT

      Several individuals that use different patterns of behavior of the class I cannot be united.

      A ? B ? C

      They can be forced to exist in one space, but it is highly unlikely that they will be united and will work together efficiently in one direction.

      ⇑ The main reason why all these combinations work or don't work on the higher levels is that the patterns are being translated into moral values. It's a complex subject that goes far beyond our topic of behavior. For now, we just skip it and concentrate on the practical recipes.

      This situation is very much like the catatonia. But this happens on the higher level of the organization of matter. The serious shock, like ECT, may help to remove the symptoms.

      The individuals with the mirrored patterns will work directly against each other, creating a conflict, similar to the one with schizophrenia. Most likely the resources will be wasted, some communication systems will be shut down. Like the emotions. It would be wise not to force the mirrored individuals to work together.

      UNITY

      However, several individuals that use the same pattern of behavior of the class I can be united as a group, and behave in all further processes as a whole. All is one, and one is many.

      (A + A + A + ...) = A

      Once the individual is connected to the group, he loses the ability to switch his pattern of behavior. He should be extracted from the group to perform the switch. And he will not be able to connect back using the other pattern.

      The same way it happens with the exaggerated impulses, many repeating patterns of behavior can create an intense, uncontrollable process within the group at some point. This effect can be poetically described as "the madness of the crowd".

      LEADERS

      Individuals that use the patterns of the class II, more complex ones, can be perceived as leaders.

      Individuals that use the patterns of the class I, can join the leader that shares the pattern with them.

      (A + A + A + ...) + AB = AB

      Leaders use two connected patterns of behavior. They stabilize each other. This means that the leader becomes the stabilizer of the crowd, and can stop it or push it to keep the coordination between the two patterns.

      This leads to the idea that it will be wise to put the individuals that use the patterns of the class II, not the class I, to the formal positions of the leaders and managers. Their stability will help to keep things under control.

      SOCIETY

      Different leaders can be united if they share the pattern, creating a mediator group that balances more different interests.

      AB + AC + AD = ABCD

      Is this a catatonia of the group? Technically, yes it is. This mediator group just stops everything. It is unlikely that we will see any serious progress in the particular direction, but this mediator group can stop the self-amplifying conflicts.

      The unity of the identical leaders can be powerful, but uncontrollable. Technically, they can work together for a while and be surprisingly effective, helping two different groups at once, changing things, but again, the repeating processes lead to the uncontrollable one, and there is nobody to stop them. They should be supervised within society.

      AB + AB = AB!

      This means that the stable independent group in its most complex form can have the maximum of three different leaders, who will share one pattern between themselves and with the rest of the group.

      (A + A + A + ...) + AB + AC + AD = ABCD

      Not every group will become three-headed, but this is the safe limit that we should be aware of.

      The interests of the predators and prey groups can be balanced by the leaders that use the impulses of protection and call for pity. This is not the ideal solution, but we don't have much choice, because the other predator options just don't care about the balance and keeping things together. It is very unlikely that any of them will be interested in the protection activities.

      Since the group can include the three leaders, it can be connected to three other groups. Every group on the perimeter will have the maximum of two leaders left to connect to the next groups. Then more. And more. The society is being made.

      CIVILIZATION

      This basic structure of the society is a tree structure. It allows us to create the chain of command. All roads lead to Rome. We can force the ideas and drive the progress and innovations.

                 G
          /|\
         / | \
        /  |  \
       /   |   \
      /    |    \
     /     |     \
    /      |      \
   G       G       G
  / \     / \     / \
 G   G   G   G   G   G
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
G G G G G G G G G G G G

      However, the main problem with this type of structure is that it can be easily broken. Only one lost connection will split the whole society in half. Any random connection.

      In order to build a stable society, we need to create more connections between the groups. We need to make not only the further connections to the new groups, but also the connections to the ones that are already included in the society.

              G
       /|\
      G—G—G
      |    |
    G—G————G—G
    |\      /|
...—G—G————G—G—...

      There are endless ways to construct the graphs. The ideal one, that will have at least three connections between any combination of its parts, will be the most stable one. Three connections will have to be destroyed in order to split it. In reality, it is impossible to build the ideal graph. Even the very close to the ideal one will be very difficult to build in practice, because of the inability to choose the members and the lack of resources in general. And this graph will start to slow down the progress eventually. This is another problem to expect.

      It can be a good idea to intentionally combine these two types of graphs to have stability in the core and progress on the perimeter.

      Following these ideas, we can try to build a system as efficient as we can within our limitations, protect our legacy, and help our branch of evolution continue its existence.